This manual is primarily targeted at managers of mosquito and other vector control programs, operational staff, and policy makers. The key purposes of this manual are to inform the audience of the importance of insecticide resistance, why avoiding it is essential and to provide them the tools so to do. Also, to highlight the need to adopt and implement integrated vector control approaches in their programs. International agencies such as WHO and FAO, as well as academic institutions, in collaboration with insecticide manufacturers and distributors, should also utilize this manual in helping to mobilize resources to further develop and promote integrated vector management principles, including insecticide resistance management. The objectives of this manual are: To offer basic information on insecticide resistance mechanisms. To provide a better understanding of the factors that may lead to the development of resistance in insect vectors of disease. To present the basic principles for maintaining susceptibility and avoiding the development of resistance. To effectively manage resistance where it has already developed.